日本金泽大学(Kanazawa University)的科学家们正在试验通过使用两种特殊的氧化钛——锐钛矿和板钛矿——来提升钙钛矿型太阳能电池的性能。
研究人员声称，通过在锐钛矿层上施加一层由水溶性板钛矿纳米颗粒制成的板钛矿，已经使一个钙钛矿型电池达到了16.82%的转化效率。他们表示，这一方法可以提高电子从电池中心到电极的传输，同时也可防止电荷在钙钛矿材料和电子传输层间的边界处复合。这两种效应均能使钙钛矿型电池获得更高的转换效率。
研究小组强调，锐钛矿层是通过在玻璃上喷涂溶液而形成的，玻璃上涂有一个加热到450°C的透明电极，而板钛矿层则是由水溶性板钛矿纳米颗粒制成，因为这种墨液比传统墨液更环保。
今年1月，另一组日本的研究人员曾宣布使用二氧化锡（SnO2）代替更常用的二氧化钛生产钙钛矿型太阳能电池。3月初，美国能源部（DOE）下属阿贡国家实验室(Argonne National Laboratory)的科学家们公布了其对太阳能电池中二氧化钛替代品的研究结果。
目前世界各地的科学家们均在研究如何使用包括钛、锡和铋在内的各种材料来代替普通钙钛矿电池生产中所需的铅材料。
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