德国议会今天三读通过了该国可再生能源法的改革草案,即所谓的“EEG-Novelle”。
随着新规定的出台,光伏行业将迎来诸多变化,其中最重要的一项涉及到免征所谓的EEG征税。通常情况下,所有发电商都需要缴纳这笔费用,用于为该国全部可再生能源支持计划提供资金。但今后只要装机规模不超过30千瓦,每年所发电力不超过30兆瓦时的自用光伏系统的业主都将能享受到这项豁免,比起之前将这一门槛限制定为10千瓦的规定更为宽松。从1月份起,现有和新建光伏系统都将适用这一新措施。
此外,屋顶光伏发电的FIT计划也得到了保留,尽管仅适用于容量不超过300千瓦的系统。而在之前的监管框架下,这一规模限制曾为750千瓦。
300千瓦至750千瓦的光伏装置的业主将有两种不同的选项,一是根据公用事业级光伏项目的招标计划建设项目,但不可以自用电力;二是享受补贴幅度比小型系统减半的FIT,但允许自产自耗。
根据之前的规定,装机功率超过750千瓦的光伏电站将有资格获得一笔额外款项,但必须通过公开招标进行选择。
德国业界对这些新规定反应冷淡。德国太阳能协会BSW-Solar表示,随着新的改革措施出台,个人市场的刹车会有所松动,但同时也会产生新的市场壁垒。该贸易机构尤其担心,计划对功率在300至750千瓦的光伏系统所实施的FIT削减将导致这一市场部门大幅下挫。
另一方面,BSW-Solar认为,为30千瓦以下光伏系统提供更宽松的自用豁免是朝着正确方向迈出的一步。协会也乐见将输出功率不超过7千瓦的现有光伏系统运营者继续被排除在强制安装智能电表范围之外。
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