该研究报告由艾哈迈达巴德大学（Ahmedabad University）教授及其全球环境与能源中心主任Priyadarshi Shukla与来自伦敦帝国理工学院（Imperial College London）的Shivika Mittal和哥伦比亚大学（Columbia University）的James Glynn合著。研究团队由科克大学学院（University College Cork）SFI能源、气候和海洋研究中心MaREI的研究员Siddharth Joshi领导。
该研究表明，全球屋顶太阳能发电潜力为每年27拍瓦时（PWh）。由于建筑存量的相应增加，全球近20%的潜力位于人口密度较高的地区。在各个国家当中，中国（4.3 PWh/年）、美国（4.2 PWh/年）和印度（1.7 PWh/年）拥有最高的太阳能发电潜力。
Shuklat说道：“太阳能是在白天产生的，恰逢电力需求高峰时段。印度每年1.7拍瓦时的太阳能屋顶潜力非常巨大。只要在印度40%的可用屋顶面积安装上高效太阳能电池板，我们就能够满足该国目前每年1.3拍瓦时的电力需求。”
研究人员采用了一种建模框架来评估全球屋顶太阳能光伏系统的发电潜力及其相关成本。作者用机器学习算法绘制了1.3亿平方公里的全球地表面积图，确定屋顶面积为20万平方公里，然后再对屋顶区域进行分析来记录全球屋顶太阳能光伏发电潜力。
2018年，屋顶太阳能电池板的发电潜力超过了全球年度总能耗。但是，这份报告指出，其未来潜力取决于所产生能源的储能解决方案开发和成本。
作者：UMA GUPTA
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