台湾工业技术研究所(ITRI)与台湾太阳能电池和组件制造商URE声称,他们共同开发的新型光伏组件可以轻松拆卸,因此更容易回收且光伏资源浪费最少。ITRI表示,组件中96%的材料可以回收,包括所有太阳能电池和封装玻璃。
ITRI研发团队告诉《光伏》杂志:“这些电池可按照与拆卸相反的顺序重新装在裸硅片上,然后制成再生电池,用于光伏组件制造链。”
组件结构
图片:ITRI
双方声称,他们在传统组件结构的基础上进行了技术改进。传统结构采用热固性乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)或聚烯烃(PO)作为密封剂,将各个部分紧密地结合在一起,因而在回收过程中不易分离。
相比之下,他们的新型解决方案使用热固性EVA/PO和热塑性弹性体(TPE)双层化合物作为封装材料。双层结构可以起到缓冲作用,保护电池在拆卸过程中不开裂。这项解决方案还利用了TPE的熔点优势,可以通过加热的方式拆卸组件。
研发团队表示:“专门设计的低温加热过程可以逐渐分解双层膜。当太阳能组件废弃时,我们可以轻松地将它们拆成各种部件。”
ITRI表示,与处理商用组件不同,改进后的工艺将玻璃和硅片作为一个整体进行回收,而不是回收芯块废料。该公司声称,这样就可以从完整的太阳能晶片中提取银。
研发团队估计,该技术将光伏组件的回收价值从每吉瓦1800万美元提高到7400万美元,且制造过程与标准组件相同。
ITRI完成技术开发,而URE负责设计和生产。这款组件符合由德国莱茵TUV认证的IEC 61215和IEC 61730安全和可靠性标准。
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