2022年10月,瑞士修订了《能源法》,重点关注确保冬季供电的紧急措施。新的联邦法律旨在准许并促进瑞士阿尔卑斯山海拔1500米及以上的大型地面光伏系统建设。
截至目前,关于该法细节的披露不多。在预计2023年4月正式颁布之前,IEA光伏电力系统实施协议任务1中《瑞士光伏普及报告》的共同作者Lionel Block告诉《光伏》杂志:“该法意在真正关注冬季光伏发电,因为安装在瑞士山区的系统发电量(kWh/kWp)优于云层高度集中的低海拔地区。”
如Block所说,这些措施有望激励年发电量至少为10 Gwh的高山光伏项目,相当于至少8 MW的装机容量。
据称,瑞士政府将为符合条件的项目提供高达60%的安装费用补贴。Block说:“这包括在高山光伏项目中很高昂的电缆费用。高山项目成本约为CHF 6 ($6.47)/W,而城市安装成本约为CHF 1.2/W。但只要有超高额补贴,业主仍可获利。”
为达到补贴资格,必须证明项目达到至少500 kWh/kWp的冬季发电量,Block表示这只有在高山条件下才有可能。开发商为达到要求,可能会专注于垂直光伏装置,并利用双面组件的高反照率。
Block说,冬季发电量很可能每三年测量一次。“项目业主面临如果达不到条件政府就不会支付补贴的风险——但法律也可能修改。”
瑞士政府目标是通过激励计划将阿尔卑斯山光伏发电量增至2 TWh。
2022年9月,瑞士能源公司Axpo在海拔近2500米的Muttsee大坝上启动了2.2 MW的垂直高山光伏项目。
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