泰国玛希隆大学的科学家们利用基于反溶剂沉积和真空热退火(VTA)的制造工艺,开发了用于低光照应用的三阳离子钙钛矿太阳能电池。
他们说:“VTA导致紧凑、密集和坚硬的形态,同时抑制表面和晶界的陷阱状态,而这正是激子损失的重要原因,”他们强调了第二步对于产生高质量钙钛矿层的重要性。“由于室内光照强度至少比太阳光低300倍,通过真空热退火诱导形成致密均匀的钙钛矿层是有价值的。”
研究人员通过与压力可控的真空泵相连,并位于一块热板顶部以调节温度的真空烧瓶实现了该过程。他们使用了一种被称为FA0.45MA0.49Cs0.06Pb(I0.62Br0.32Cl0.06)3的钙钛矿材料,用溴和氯处理后,其能带隙为1.80eV。
他们用掺氟二氧化锡(FTO)制成的基板、基于锡(IV族)氧化物(SnO2)的电子传输层(ETL)、钙钛矿吸收剂、由Spiro-OMeTAD制成的空穴传输层(HTL)、碳顶电极和另一个FTO层构建起电池,其有效面积为0.04 cm2。
在1000lux的室内光线下测试,该太阳能电池显示出27.7%的能量转换效率、0.93 V的开路电压、0.16 mA/cm2的短路电流,以及32.0%的峰值效率。而未经VTA处理的参考装置的效率为25.5%,开路电压为0.91V,短路电流为0.16mA/cm2,峰值效率为30.7%。
该小组在谈到基于VTA的电池的优越性能时说:“VTA导致表面粗糙度降低,以及在体部和表面的电子陷阱。VTA为稳健的钙钛矿结构形成打开了大门,并可实际地适用于各种钙钛矿电池组成,以实现现代社会理想的光电应用。” 他们在《科学报告》上发表的《通过真空热退火形成稳健钙钛矿层,用于室内钙钛矿太阳能电池》中介绍了该电池。
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